This volume explores the interplay of conformity and defiance amongst the plural medical tradition in colonial India and highlights various indigenous interpretations and mechanisms through which Indian medicine was re-visited against the cultural background of established medical traditions. Manifested in the encounters between Indian and Western medicine and colonial dictates, these interpretations led to the emergence of new structural forms, which were as much 'paradigms of defence' as sites of negotiation for these encounters. The essays in this volume reflect upon these structural representations validated through colonial discourse on female education, nationalizing Indian medicine, strategies of memory and representation and through expressions of non-compliance in various health measures, enabling a relocation of the trajectory of Western medicine and reconfiguration of medical knowledge.