Iconography of Jaina Deities/Shantilal Nagar.
1999, 2 vol., 510 p., plates, $215 (set). ISBN 81-7646-055-9.
Iconography of Jaina Deities/Shantilal Nagar.
1999, 2 vol., 510 p., plates, $215 (set). ISBN 81-7646-055-9.
Contents: Vol. 1. Preface. I. Introduction: 1. Introduction. 2. The Svetambaras and the Digambaras. 3. The image worship. 4. Classification of Jaina Gods and Goddesses. 5. The Tirthankaras. 6. The evidence of early Indian art. 7. Historical overtones. 8. Places of Jaina pilgrimage. 9. Ayagapattas. 10. Omkara. 11. Hrmkara. 12. Siddhartha-cakra. 13. Pancatirtha. 14. The Slakapurusas. 15. Krsna and Balarama. II. The literary sources: i. Brahmanical literature: 1. Vedic literature. 2. Post-Vedic literature. 3. The epics. 4. The Upanisads. 5. The Puranas. ii. Jaina literature: 1. Silpasastras. 2. Western Indian texts. iii. The Buddhist literature. III. The Tirthankaras: 1. The concept. 2. The material for icons. 3. The icons. 4. Twenty-four Jinas. 5. Tirthankaras in art. IV. The Yaksas: 1. The salient features. 2. Projection in the early art. 3. The Yaksas and their iconographic features. 4. Other Yaksas. V. The Yaksis (or Yaksinis): 1. The salient features. 2. Projection in art. 3. Yaksis and their iconographic features. VI. Srutadevis/Vidyadevis: Mahavidyas. VII. The Brahmanical deities: 1. Male deities. 2. Female deities.
Vol. 2. VIII. Navagrahas and Vyantara Devatas: 1. The nine planets or Navagrahas. 2. Vyantara Devatas: i. Ksetrapalas. ii. Lokapalas. IX. Other modes of adoration. X. The epigraphical profile. XI. The evidence of miniature paintings from Kalpasutra manuscripts: 1. Life of Rsabha. 2. Life of Mahavira. 3. Life of Parsva. 4. Life of Aristanemi. XII. Epilogue. Appendices: 1. Twenty-four Tirthankaras--a profile. 2. Yaksa iconography--a review. 3. Yaksis' or Yaksinis' profile. 4. Profile of Jaina Mahavidyas. Bibliography. Index.
"Jainism has to its credit a large number of religious treatises enshrining besides the other religious practices, the lives and teachings of the Tirthankaras, twenty-four in number, besides other minor deities. The iconography of these Jaina deities, some of which owe their origin to the Brahmanical faith is quite complex in nature. The iconography of these deities has been discussed at length, correlating it with the development of Jaina sculptural art from the earliest times to the medieval period. While doing so, the sculptural art as preserved in the Jaina temples at Deogarh, Khajuraho, Kumbharia, Osian, Abu, Taranga, Gyaraspur, Jalor, Ghanerao and many other Jaina shrines and the vestiges of the past have been discussed in considerable details. Stress has also been laid in the description of the Sasanadevatas of the Tirthankaras viz., the Yaksas and Yaksis, in addition to the Mahavidyas, and other Tantric deities. The composite forms of the Jaina deities available in the Jaina shrines and other antiquarian remains have also received due attention. The prominent Jaina personalities of divine nature like Bahubali, Bharata, Cakravarti, the parents of the Jinas and other issues connected with them have also been suitably brought out.
"The life scenes of the Jinas have been projected mostly in the Svetambara Jaina temples, besides in the form of miniatures in the Kalpasutra manuscripts. These have been highlighted in this work in a befitting manner in addition to the hitherto lesser known deities of the Jaina pantheon. The entire study has been authenticated by the numerous Jaina texts, the evidence of the sculptural art in the country, besides the historical and other archaeological evidence which would interest the students and scholars besides the common people as well." (jacket)
[Shantilal Nagar's books include The Universal Mother, Temples of Himachal Pradesh and The Indian Monoliths.]
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