In the Margins of Independence : A Relief Worker in India and Pakistan (1942-1949)

Contents: Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Prelude in Bengal (1942-1945). 3. Crisis in Delhi, September 1947. 4. Establishing a neutral role, October 1947. 5. Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan, October-November 1947. 6. Insurgents in Kashmir, November 1947. 7. Gandhi's patient, December 1947. 8. The United Nations Kashmir Commission (1948-1949). 9. The best of times and the worst of times, Pakistan 1947-1949. 10. Epilogue. Appendix: the friends ambulance unit in the Bengal famine of 1943. Index.

"In the Margins of Independence presents a vivid, personal and authentic account of three cataclysmic events in the recent history of India and Pakistan. The first was the catastrophic Bengal Famine of 1943, during which three million men, women and children died of starvation in British India. The second, the decision of the British to divide and quit in 1947, leading to the partition of the subcontinent and the accompanying turmoil, mass migrations, and massacre of at least two hundred thousand people, with twelve million souls rendered homeless. The third, the beginning of the conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir issue, today's 'tinderbox'.

Richard Symonds served in India and Pakistan as a voluntary relief worker, and as co-ordinator of relief and rehabilitation in the government of Bengal, during the Bengal famine. Later, immediately after independence, he worked in the West and East Punjab as a volunteer, reporting to the two governments on the situation of the minorities and helping the refugees. This work was extended into Kashmir. After his involvement in relief work he served on the staff of the UN Commission for India and Pakistan, whose activities led to the cease-fire in Kashmir in 1949. His recollections, eyewitness reports and first-hand insights of the events mentioned above are based primarily on his diaries. The author’s impressions of leading personalities such as Mahatma Gandhi, who took him into Birla House to be nursed when he fell ill during his refugee work, prove fascinating reading for the general as much as for the academic reader.”