A Comprehensive Text Book of Botany : Taxonomy, Economic Botany, Embryology, Anatomy, Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology

Contents: I. Taxonomy: 1. Origin of angiosperms. 2. Phylogeny of angiosperms. 3. Classification, taxonomy and systematic botany. 4. Artificial system of classification: i. Linnaeu's classification. 5. Natural system of classification: i. Bentham and Hooker's classification. 6. Phylogenetic system of classification: i. Engler and Prantl's classification. ii. Hutchinson's classifications, iii. Whittker's classification. 7. Cytology in taxonomy. 8. Chemotaxonomy. 9. Modern trends in taxonomy. 10. International botanical Congress and nomenclature of plants. 11. Taxonomic rank. 12. Techniques for herbarium preparation. 13. Nature of carpel. 14. Carpel polymorphism. 15. Origin and ontogeny of carpel. 16. Schedule for description of angiospermic plants. 17. Helobieae. 18. Description of selected monocotyledonous families. 19. Description of selected dicotyledonous families. 20. Selected questions. 21. Suggested readings. II. Economy botany: 22. Introduction. 23. Cereals. 24. Legumes and pulses. 25. Vegetables. 26. Fruits. 27. Fibres and fibre yielding plants. 28. Timber/wood yielding plants. 29. Oil yielding plants (drying, semidrying, non-drying and vegetable fats). 30. Medicinal plants. 31. Gene centres of the world. 32. Origin of important cultivated plants. 33. Selected questions. 34. Suggested readings. III. Embryology: 35. Introduction. 36. Microsporangium and microsporogenesis. 37. Megasporangium and megasporogenesis. 38. Megagametophyte (female gametophyte). 39. Pollen grains and male gametophyte. 40. Fertilization. 41. The Endosperm. 42. Embryogeny. 43. Polyembryony. 44. Apomixis. 45. Experimental embryology. 46. Scope and application of experimental embryology. 47. Embryology in relation to taxonomy. 48. Glossary. 49. Selected questions. 50. Suggested readings. IV. Plant anatomy: 51. Plant cell. 52. Cell formation : mitosis. 53. Meiosis. 54. The tissue : meristematic tissue. 55. Permanent tissues. 56. Tissue system. 57. Mechanical tissues and their distribution. 58. Anatomy of dicot root. 59. Anatomy of monocot root. 60. Anatomy of orchid root. 61. Formation of lateral root. 62. Anatomy of dicot stem. 63. Anatomy of monocot stem. 64. Root stem transition. 65. Structure of dicot leaves. 66. Structure of monocot leaves. 67. Abscission of leaf. 68. Secondary growth in dicot stem. 69. Periderm. 70. Anomalous secondary growth in dicot stem. 71. Secondary growth in monocot stem. 72. Secondary growth in dicot root. 73. Ecological anatomy : hydrophytes. 74. Anatomy of xerophytes. 75. Floral anatomy. 76. Wood anatomy. 77. Selected questions. 78. Suggested readings. V. Microbiology : 79. Microbiology. 80. Categories of micro-organisms. 81. Bacteria. 82. Viruses. 83. Biological nitrogen fixation. 84. Microbial degradation of agricultural produce. 85. Microbial deterioration of agricultural produce. 86. Applications of microbes and microbiology. 87. Nucleic acids: i. DNA. ii. RNA. 88. Genetic materials and its function. 89. Microbial genetics. 90. Genetic engineering. 91. Selected questions. 92. Suggested readings. VI. Plant pathology: 93. History. 94. Plant diseases and its classification. 95. Common symptoms of plant diseases. 96. Methods to control plant diseases. 97. Viral diseases in plants. 98. Bacterial diseases in plants. 99. Mycoplasmal diseases in plants. 100. Fungal diseases in plants. 101. Disease caused by nematodes. 102. Physiology of parasitism. 103. Enzymes and toxins in disease. 104. Laboratory techniques in microbiology. 105. Laboratory techniques in plant pathology. 106. Selected questions. 107. Suggested readings. VII. Biotechnology: 108. Biotechnology : review. 109. Environmental pollution and biotechnology. 110. Genetic engineering. 111. Tissue culture laboratory : requirements and techniques. 112. Selected questions. 113. Suggested readings.