"Muslim women have been the subject of considerable debate in India, chiefly around the conflicting claims of personal law, identity, and gender. Existing literature on Indian women in general ignores Muslim women, considers their status a product of personal laws, and assumes sameness both in status and in forms of oppression. Based on recent empirical work, the essays in this volume present the diversity of Muslim women's lives in all its complexity. They analyse patterns of employment and the low participation of Muslim women in the labour market explore gender differentials in educational attainment and its links to other aspects of social inequality and examine the influence of religious and other factors on the access of Muslim women to property and work. The volume further explores constraints on educational advancement and draws out the linkage between rights and empowerment. While recognizing the validity of community identity and discourse, the contributors emphasize t he force of material and social circumstances in shaping the lives of Muslim women. They reiterate that there exists no 'fixed identity' for Muslim women--rather that it is contingent and contextually determined."