Contents: 1. Introduction and history. 2. Evolution of cultivated cottons. 3. Species and races of cotton. 4. Gene interaction and pleiotropy. 5. Qualitative inheritance. 6. Polygenic inheritance. 7. Cytoplasmic inheritance. 8. Genetics of male sterility. 9. Linkage and gene mapping. 10. Multiple alleles. 11. Mutations. 12. Distant hybridization. 13. Chromosome morphology. 14. Numerical chromosomal changes. 15. Structural chromosomal changes.