Historical Studies in Mughal Numismatics

Contents: 1. Shahrukhis. 2.The Ilahi Era. 3. Abul Fazl’s Inventory of Akbar’s Coins. 4. Gigantic Coins. 5. The Coin-legend ‘Allahu Akbar’. 6. Darbs and Charns. 7. Tankis. 8. Mahmudis. 9. Mint-regulations. 10. The Heavy coins of Jahangir. 11.Portrait Muhrs of Jahangir. 12. The Zodiacal Coins. 13. Jahangir’s Cambay Tankas. 14. Nisars. 15. The Tuman. 16. The Julus Years of Shah Jahan. 17. The tittle ‘Bahadur’. 18. The weight fo the Mughal Tola. 19. The Standard of Fineness. 20. Rupee Value of the Ashrafi or Muhr. 21. Chronology of the Reigns of the Mughal Emperors. 22. Imperial Style and Titles. 23. Coin-Couplets. 24. The Khutba and the Sikka. 25. Conspectus of Passages.

This memoir contains twenty-four scholarly articles that are remarkable in many respects. First, the author’s extremely accurate knowledge of the Persian historians of India and that of the European travellers has enabled him to bring together a series of studies into this volume, which is an exhaustive list of all references bearing upon Mughal coinage. Second, it addresses all the problems related to Mughal coinage thereby putting to rest half of the controversies that have engaged numismatists during the past a half century. Third, it sheds light on Akbar’s monetary system and religious outlook, while providing liberal education in the history of Mughal period. The historian and the student of economics should find stores of valuable material in this memoir.